PFAS in Well Water: The Forever Chemicals Explained
2026-04-03 · 7 min read · Contaminant Guide
What Are PFAS?
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals used since the 1950s in non-stick coatings, water-resistant fabrics, firefighting foams, and food packaging. They are called "forever chemicals" because they do not break down in the environment.
How PFAS Gets Into Well Water
PFAS enters groundwater from: industrial discharge, military bases using AFFF firefighting foam, landfills, wastewater treatment plants, and agricultural application of biosolids. Wells near airports, military installations, and industrial sites are at highest risk.
Health Effects
Research links PFAS exposure to: certain cancers (kidney, testicular), thyroid disease, immune system effects, reproductive issues, and elevated cholesterol. The EPA set a Maximum Contaminant Level of 4 parts per trillion (ppt) for PFOA and PFOS in 2024.
Treatment Options
Reverse osmosis, granular activated carbon (GAC), and ion exchange systems can reduce PFAS levels. Whole-house systems cost $1,500-$5,000. Point-of-use filters for drinking water are $150-$500. Check your state's risk level on our main page.
Our team analyzes data from EPA SDWIS & USGS to deliver accurate, up-to-date information. All data is verified and cross-referenced with official sources.